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Gum pain Gum disease

Gum pain most often comes from inflamed gums, food or debris trapped under the gum, a periodontal abscess, or brushing too hard. Throbbing pain with swelling, pus or fever is a periodontal abscess and needs a dentist or periodontist the same day.

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Signs

  • Tender or sore gums
  • Throbbing pain at one tooth
  • A swollen bump on the gum
  • Bad taste or pus
  • Pain when chewing

Risk factors

  • Deep periodontal pockets
  • Trapped popcorn hulls or seeds
  • Cracked teeth
  • Ill-fitting crowns or dentures
  • Aggressive brushing

What causes sore gums?

  • Gingivitis: tender, puffy gums that bleed.
  • Periodontal abscess: bacteria trapped in a deep pocket. Throbbing pain, a swollen bump, sometimes pus.
  • Trapped debris: a seed or hull pushed under the gum.
  • Trauma: hard brushing, a sharp food, or a new appliance.
  • Mouth sores: canker sores and other lesions.

How is a gum abscess treated?

A periodontist drains the abscess, cleans the pocket and the root, and may prescribe an antibiotic when infection spreads. The pocket is then treated so the abscess does not return, often with scaling and root planing or laser therapy.

What helps gum pain at home?

  • Rinse with warm salt water (half a teaspoon in a cup of water).
  • Floss gently around the sore tooth to free trapped food.
  • Use an over-the-counter pain reliever as directed on the label.
  • Avoid placing aspirin on the gum, which burns tissue.

Pain that lasts more than two days needs an exam.

Questions

Can a gum abscess go away on its own?

It can drain and feel better, but the infection stays in the pocket and returns. It needs treatment.

Is gum pain an emergency?

Swelling that spreads to the face or neck, fever, or trouble swallowing is an emergency. Go to urgent care or an emergency room.

Sources

  1. American Academy of Periodontology, patient resources
  2. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, periodontal (gum) disease

Reviewed by , Director of IT and Medical Compliance: 25 years in dentistry, medicine and HIPAA compliance. Updated . Checked against the sources listed. General information, not medical advice.

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